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Prontosil is an antibacterial drug of the sulfonamide group. It has a relatively broad effect against gram-positive cocci but not against enterobacteria . One of the earliest antimicrobial drugs, it was widely used in the mid-20th century but is little used today because better options now exist.
Sulfonamide drugs were the first broadly effective antibacterials to be used systemically, and paved the way for the antibiotic revolution in medicine. The first sulfonamide, trade-named Prontosil, was a prodrug.
Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk (German pronunciation: [ˈɡeːɐ̯haʁt ˈdoːmak] ⓘ; 30 October 1895 – 24 April 1964) was a German pathologist and bacteriologist.. He is credited with the discovery of sulfonamidochrysoidine (KL730) as an antibiotic for which he received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Prontosil was the first commercially available antibacterial antibiotic (with a relatively broad effect against Gram-positive cocci). It was developed in the 1930s by a research team at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. The discovery and development of this first sulfonamide drug opened a new era in medicine. [1]
The structure of the sulfonamide group. In organic chemistry, the sulfonamide functional group (also spelled sulphonamide) is an organosulfur group with the structure R−S(=O) 2 −NR 2. It consists of a sulfonyl group (O=S=O) connected to an amine group (−NH 2). Relatively speaking this group is unreactive.
List of sulfonamides; Author of The Demon Under the Microscope, a history of the discovery of the sulfa drugs; A History of the Fight Against Tuberculosis in Canada (Chemotherapy) Presentation speech, Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, 1939; The History of WW II Medicine "Five Medical Miracles of the Sulfa Drugs".
1935 – Prontosil (an oral precursor to sulfanilamide), the first sulfonamide; 1936 – Sulfanilamide; 1938 – Sulfapyridine (M&B 693) 1939 – sulfacetamide; 1940 – sulfamethizole; 1942 – benzylpenicillin, the first penicillin; 1942 – gramicidin S, the first peptide antibiotic; 1942 – sulfadimidine; 1943 – sulfamerazine
The first sulfonamide and the first systemically active antibacterial drug, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 or 1933 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany, [9] [10] [11] for which Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. [140]