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The metabolic equivalent of task (MET) is the objective measure of the ratio of the rate at which a person expends energy, relative to the mass of that person, while performing some specific physical activity compared to a reference, currently set by convention at an absolute 3.5 mL of oxygen per kg per minute, which is the energy expended when sitting quietly by a reference individual, chosen ...
It is produced through deuteron bombardment of nitrogen-14 using a cyclotron. [22] 14 N + 2 H → 15 O + n. Oxygen-15 and nitrogen-13 are produced in air when gamma rays (for example from lightning) knock neutrons out of 16 O and 14 N: [23] 16 O + γ → 15 O + n 14 N + γ → 13 N + n. 15 O decays to 15 N, emitting a positron. The positron ...
2 into sugar in what is called a Calvin cycle. In nature, free oxygen is produced by the light-driven splitting of water during oxygenic photosynthesis. According to some estimates, green algae and cyanobacteria in marine environments provide about 70% of the free oxygen produced on Earth, and the rest is produced by terrestrial plants. [77]
where is the sprint velocity (m/s), the step frequency (1/s), the average force applied to the ground (N), the body weight (N), and the contact length (m). In short, sprint velocity is reliant on three main factors: step frequency (how many steps you can take per second), average vertical force applied to the ground, and contact length ...
V̇O 2 max (also maximal oxygen consumption, maximal oxygen uptake or maximal aerobic capacity) is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption attainable during physical exertion. [1] [2] The name is derived from three abbreviations: "V̇" for volume (the dot over the V indicates "per unit of time" in Newton's notation), "O 2" for oxygen, and "max" for maximum and usually normalized per kilogram of ...
The process of breathing does not fill the alveoli with atmospheric air during each inhalation (about 350 ml per breath), but the inhaled air is carefully diluted and thoroughly mixed with a large volume of gas (about 2.5 liters in adult humans) known as the functional residual capacity which remains in the lungs after each exhalation, and ...
The period T is the time taken to complete one cycle of an oscillation or rotation. The frequency and the period are related by the equation [ 4 ] f = 1 T . {\displaystyle f={\frac {1}{T}}.} The term temporal frequency is used to emphasise that the frequency is characterised by the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.
The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is the ratio between the metabolic production of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and the uptake of oxygen (O 2). [3] [4] The ratio is determined by comparing exhaled gases to room air. Measuring this ratio is equal to RQ only at rest or during mild to moderate aerobic exercise without the accumulation of lactate.