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A diagram of a pumpjack. A pumpjack is the overground drive for a reciprocating piston pump in an oil well. [1] It is used to mechanically lift liquid out of the well if there is not enough bottom hole pressure for the liquid to flow all the way to the surface. The arrangement is often used for onshore wells. Pumpjacks are common in oil-rich areas.
Chebyshev linkages did not receive widespread usage in steam engines, [citation needed] but are commonly used as the 'Horse head' design of level luffing crane.In this application the approximate straight movement is translated away from the line's midpoint, but it is still essentially the same mechanism.
The line of sucker rods is represented in this diagram by the solid black line in the center of the well. A sucker rod is a steel rod, typically between 7 and 9 metres (25 and 30 ft) in length, and threaded at both ends, used in the oil industry to join together the surface and downhole components of a reciprocating piston pump installed in an oil well.
The oil industry specifications for wellhead systems (materials, dimensions, test procedures and pressure ratings etc.) are : API 6A, 20th Edition, October 2010; Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment
Horse-head jib, showing the level position of the hook Horse-head design The usual mechanism for level-luffing in modern cranes is to add an additional "horse head" section to the top of the jib. By careful design of the geometry, this keeps level merely by the linked action of the pivots.
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The pumpjack, such as this one located south of Midland, is a common sight in West Texas. An oil well is a drillhole boring in Earth that is designed to bring petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the surface.
Artificial lift is the use of artificial means to increase the flow of liquids, such as crude oil or water, from a production well. Generally this is achieved by the use of a mechanical device inside the well (known as pump or velocity string) or by decreasing the weight of the hydrostatic column by injecting gas into the liquid some distance down the well.