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Cellulose fiber products used for oil or chemical sorption, [3] The granular gel material in diapers, capable of absorbing multiple times its original weight in urine, [5] Incontinence pads, which may also incorporate nonwoven fabric as a sorbent, [17] and; Desiccants, which attract water, thereby drying (desiccating) surrounding materials. [18]
The use of food grade mineral oil is self-limiting because of its laxative effect, and is not considered a risk in food for any age class. [26] The maximum daily intake is calculated to be about 100 mg (1.5 gr), of which some 80 mg (1.2 gr) are contributed from its use on machines in the baking industry.
In some cases, the lubrication and high viscosity of a grease are desired in situations where non-toxic, non-oil based materials are required. Carboxymethyl cellulose, or CMC, is one popular material used to create a water-based analog of greases. CMC serves to both thicken the solution and add a lubricating effect, and often silicone-based ...
Absorption is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules or ions enter the liquid or solid bulk phase of a material. This is a different process from adsorption , since molecules undergoing absorption are taken up by the volume, not by the surface (as in the case for adsorption).
Other materials are also used to make a superabsorbent polymer, such as polyacrylamide copolymer, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer, cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, cross-linked polyethylene oxide, and starch grafted copolymer of polyacrylonitrile to name a few. The latter is one of the oldest SAP forms created.
In water purification, chalcogels have shown promise in absorbing the heavy metal pollutants mercury, lead, and cadmium from water. [103] Aerogels may be used to separate oil from water, which could for example be used to respond to oil spills. [104] [81] [76] Aerogels may be used to disinfect water, killing bacteria. [105] [106]
In chemistry, the iodine value (IV; also iodine absorption value, iodine number or iodine index) is the mass of iodine in grams that is consumed by 100 grams of a chemical substance. Iodine numbers are often used to determine the degree of unsaturation in fats , oils and waxes .
Sizing is used in papermaking and textile manufacturing to change the absorption and wear characteristics of those materials. Sizing is used for oil-based surface preparation for gilding (sometimes called mordant in this context). It is used by painters and artists to prepare paper and textile surfaces for some art techniques.
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