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Jason Perry (Jacinto Pereira), a Portuguese settler who served as the Portuguese Consul to Hawaii, suggested in 1876 to plantation owners of the Planters' Society (a predecessor of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association) that the Madeira and Azores Islands of Portugal might be ideal sources of reliable workers. [4]
The strike involved 8,300 workers spanning six plantations: 5,000 Japanese, 3,000 Filipinos, and 300 of other ethnicities – Portuguese, Chinese, Puerto Ricans, Spanish, Mexicans, and Koreans. In retaliatory action against the strike the plantations evicted picketers and their families from plantation housing. A total of 12,020 people were ...
Plantation owners quickly began importing workers which dramatically changed Hawaiʻi's demographics and is an extreme example of globalization. In 1850 the first imported worker arrived from China. [9] Between 1852 and 1887, almost 50,000 Chinese individuals arrived to work in Hawaiʻi, while 38% of them returned to China. [9]
Records show that, in 1902, 34 plantations had 1,773 Puerto Ricans on their payrolls; 1,734 worked as field hands and another 39 were clerks or luna/overseers (foremen). Between 1900 and 1901, 11 trips took place to move Puerto Ricans to Hawaii to work in the fields. [10]
Hawaii’s plantation economy relied on the ready availability of cheap labor to work the fields, and any increase in wages was costly as pay was distributed over the large work force. For the white planters, the two largest groups — the Japanese and Filipinos — rivaled each other, dividing the labor force so that when one group went on ...
A significant project undertaken by HSPA was to archive Hawaii's sugar company records. Between 1983 and 1994, archivists hired by HSPA received and processed records from dozens of sugar companies and related entities. The archival collection, now called the HSPA Plantation Archives, was donated to the University of Hawaii at Mānoa Library. [4]
Kalākaua, his aides Charles Hastings Judd and George W. Macfarlane and cook Robert von Oelhoffen during their world tour.. Kalākaua met with heads of state in Asia, the Mideast and Europe, to encourage an influx of sugar plantation labor in family groups, as well as unmarried women as potential brides for Hawaii's existing contract laborers.
The members of the Missionary Party continued to grow the sugar industry and imported labor from Japan, the Philippines, Korea and other Asian countries as well as Puerto Rican and Portuguese immigrants to work on their sugarcane plantations. World War I (1914–1918) 8 German ships sought refuge in Honolulu Harbor; some were captured.