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The Portuguese-Americans (The Immigrant Heritage of America). Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers / G. K. Hall & Co. ISBN 0805784179. Curammeng Martins Kahealani (2018). They Came in Ships to Terra Nova: Portuguese Immigration to Hawaii 1878-1913. Hilo, Hawaii: Legacy Publishing. ISBN 978-1732795808.
The strike involved 8,300 workers spanning six plantations: 5,000 Japanese, 3,000 Filipinos, and 300 of other ethnicities – Portuguese, Chinese, Puerto Ricans, Spanish, Mexicans, and Koreans. In retaliatory action against the strike the plantations evicted picketers and their families from plantation housing. A total of 12,020 people were ...
Records show that, in 1902, 34 plantations had 1,773 Puerto Ricans on their payrolls; 1,734 worked as field hands and another 39 were clerks or luna/overseers (foremen). Between 1900 and 1901, 11 trips took place to move Puerto Ricans to Hawaii to work in the fields. [10]
By 1835, massive plantations on the islands experienced large scale growth. To keep up with the increasing demand for labour, the plantation owners began to import workers in 1865. Immigrant workers and their families flooded in from China, Korea, Portugal, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Japan. Company recruits were extremely selective in ...
A significant project undertaken by HSPA was to archive Hawaii's sugar company records. Between 1983 and 1994, archivists hired by HSPA received and processed records from dozens of sugar companies and related entities. The archival collection, now called the HSPA Plantation Archives, was donated to the University of Hawaii at Mānoa Library. [4]
Plantation owners quickly began importing workers which dramatically changed Hawaiʻi's demographics and is an extreme example of globalization. In 1850 the first imported worker arrived from China. [9] Between 1852 and 1887, almost 50,000 Chinese individuals arrived to work in Hawaiʻi, while 38% of them returned to China. [9]
Hawaii’s plantation economy relied on the ready availability of cheap labor to work the fields, and any increase in wages was costly as pay was distributed over the large work force. For the white planters, the two largest groups — the Japanese and Filipinos — rivaled each other, dividing the labor force so that when one group went on ...
Portuguese plantation workers brought the dessert to the Hawaiian Islands when they immigrated at the turn of the 20th century. Leonard's is known as an "old-fashioned, plain-Jane bakery" [ 3 ] that popularized pastries and desserts in Portuguese cuisine , like Portuguese sweet bread and pão doce meat wraps, [ 2 ] sometimes with a Hawaiian ...