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Lesions of the medial dorsal and anterior nuclei of the thalami and lesions of the mammillary bodies are commonly involved in amnesic syndromes in humans. [8] Mammillary body atrophy is present in several other conditions, such as colloid cysts in the third ventricle, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, heart failure, and sleep apnea. In spite ...
The mammillary bodies directly or indirectly connect to the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalami as major structures in the limbic system. [6] The mammillothalamic tract carries signals from the mammillary bodies via the anterior thalamus to support spatial memory .
In neuroanatomy, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN; also called the lateral geniculate body or lateral geniculate complex) is a structure in the thalamus and a key component of the mammalian visual pathway. It is a small, ovoid, ventral projection of the thalamus where the thalamus connects with the optic nerve. There are two LGNs, one on the ...
The anterior nuclei receive afferents from the hippocampus and subiculum directly via the fornix, and indirectly via the mammillary bodies and mammillothalamic tract (MTT). They send efferent fibers to the cingulate gyrus, limbic, and orbitofrontal cortex. [1] The anterior nuclei of the thalamus display functions pertaining to memory.
The bundles of fibers come together in the midline of the brain, forming the body of the fornix. The lower edge of the septum pellucidum (the membrane that separates the lateral ventricles) is attached to the upper face of the fornix body. The body of the fornix travels anteriorly and divides again near the anterior commissure. The left and ...
The medial surfaces form the upper part of the lateral wall to the third ventricle. In humans, it is only about one centimeter long – though in females, it is about 50% larger on average. [1] Sometimes, it is in two parts – and 20% of the time, it is absent. [2] In other mammals, it is larger.
The cells in this coronal section of the brain were colored with a bluish dye ("Nissl stain"). The thalamus is at the bottom of the photo. The bar at the lower right represents a distance of 200 μm (0.2mm). As noted above, capillaries in some subregions within the SFO are fenestrated, [6] and thus lack a blood–brain barrier.
The hypothalamus is divided into four regions (preoptic, supraoptic, tuberal, mammillary) in a parasagittal plane, indicating location anterior-posterior; and three zones (periventricular, intermediate, lateral) in the coronal plane, indicating location medial-lateral. [7] Hypothalamic nuclei are located within these specific regions and zones. [8]