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Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) is a subfield of information retrieval dealing with retrieving information written in a language different from the language of the user's query. [1] The term "cross-language information retrieval" has many synonyms, of which the following are perhaps the most frequent: cross-lingual information ...
Finding synonyms of words, and searching for the synonyms as well; Finding semantically related words (e.g. antonyms, meronyms, hyponyms, hypernyms) Finding all the various morphological forms of words by stemming each word in the search query; Fixing spelling errors and automatically searching for the corrected form or suggesting it in the results
Broadly, query languages can be classified according to whether they are database query languages or information retrieval query languages. The difference is that a database query language attempts to give factual answers to factual questions, while an information retrieval query language attempts to find documents containing information that is relevant to an area of inquiry.
Contextual Query Language (CQL), previously known as Common Query Language, [1] is a formal language for representing queries to information retrieval systems such as search engines, bibliographic catalogs and museum collection information.
The system takes a natural language question as an input rather than a set of keywords, for example: "When is the national day of China?" It then transforms this input sentence into a query in its logical form. Accepting natural language questions makes the system more user-friendly, but harder to implement, as there are a variety of question ...
Many languages inflect words to reflect their role in the utterance they appear in. The variation between various forms of a word is likely to be of little importance for the relatively coarse-grained model of meaning involved in a retrieval system, and for this reason the task of conflating the various forms of a word is a potentially useful technique to increase recall of a retrieval system.
Consequently, a literature sprang up in which many query languages and language constructs were compared on the basis of expressive power and efficiency, e.g. various versions of Datalog. [7] Similar considerations apply for query languages on other types of data, e.g. XML query languages such as XQuery.
Contextualization in sociolinguistics refers to the use of language (both spoken language and body language) to signal relevant aspects of an interaction or communicative situation. This may include clues to who is talking, their relationship, where the conversation is occurring, and much more.