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The log-spectral distance (LSD), also referred to as log-spectral distortion or root mean square log-spectral distance, is a distance measure between two spectra. [1] The log-spectral distance between spectra () and ^ is defined as p-norm:
A sphere of any radius centered at zero is an integral surface of the following differential form: x d x + y d y + z d z = 0. {\displaystyle x\,dx+y\,dy+z\,dz=0.} This equation reflects that the position vector and tangent plane at a point are always orthogonal to each other.
A disk the size of Earth, for example, would likely crack, heat up, liquefy, and re-form into a roughly spherical shape. On a disk strong enough to maintain its shape, gravity would not pull downward with respect to the surface, but would pull toward the center of the disk, [ 1 ] contrary to what is observed on level terrain (and which would ...
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Engineering stress and engineering strain are approximations to the internal state that may be determined from the external forces and deformations of an object, provided that there is no significant change in size. When there is a significant change in size, the true stress and true strain can be derived from the instantaneous size of the object.
There are a number of important distances between reference points that an artist may measure and will observe: [1] These are the distance from floor to the patella; [a] from the patella to the front iliac crest; [b] the distance across the stomach between the iliac crests; the distances (which may differ according to pose) from the iliac crests to the suprasternal notch between the clavicles ...
The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub-micrometre crystallites in a solid to the broadening of a peak in a diffraction pattern. It is often referred to, incorrectly, as a formula for particle size measurement or analysis. It is named after Paul Scherrer.
The reverse, in which the perimeter is magnified more than the center, is known as "pincushion distortion" (figure 3b). This effect is called lens distortion or image distortion, and there are algorithms to correct it. Systems free of distortion are called orthoscopic (orthos, right, skopein to look) or rectilinear (straight lines). Figure 4