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where is the volume fraction of the fibers in the composite (and is the volume fraction of the matrix).. If it is assumed that the composite material behaves as a linear-elastic material, i.e., abiding Hooke's law = for some elastic modulus of the composite and some strain of the composite , then equations 1 and 2 can be combined to give
A template for displaying common fractions of the form int+num/den nicely. It supports 0–3 anonymous parameters with positional meaning. Template parameters [Edit template data] Parameter Description Type Status leftmost part 1 Denominator if only parameter supplied. Numerator if 2 parameters supplied. Integer if 3 parameters supplied. If no parameter is specified the template will render a ...
This process is called raising the index. Raising and then lowering the same index (or conversely) are inverse operations, which is reflected in the metric and inverse metric tensors being inverse to each other (as is suggested by the terminology): = = =
In Einstein notation (implicit summation over repeated index), contravariant components are denoted with upper indices as in = A covector or cotangent vector has components that co-vary with a change of basis in the corresponding (initial) vector space. That is, the components must be transformed by the same matrix as the change of basis matrix ...
The scalar triple product (also called the mixed product, box product, or triple scalar product) is defined as the dot product of one of the vectors with the cross product of the other two. Geometric interpretation
A vector treated as an array of numbers by writing as a row vector or column vector (whichever is used depends on convenience or context): = (), = Index notation allows indication of the elements of the array by simply writing a i, where the index i is known to run from 1 to n, because of n-dimensions. [1]
Temperature variations in the air can also cause refraction of light. This can be seen as a heat haze when hot and cold air is mixed e.g. over a fire, in engine exhaust, or when opening a window on a cold day. This makes objects viewed through the mixed air appear to shimmer or move around randomly as the hot and cold air moves.
Bond's theory and index brought a greater measure of openness to the calculations for selecting the type, size, and power ratings for ore milling equipment. [ 5 ] Bond was inducted with its first class into the National Mining Hall of Fame posthumously in 1988, [ 6 ] and received a Distinguished Achievement Medal by his alma mater, the Colorado ...