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The adhesion railway relies on a combination of friction and weight to start a train. The heaviest trains require the highest friction and the heaviest locomotive. The friction can vary a great deal, but it was known on early railways that sand helped, and it is still used today, even on locomotives with modern traction controls.
Adhesive weight is the weight on the driving wheels of a locomotive, which determines the frictional grip between wheels and rail, and hence the drawbar pull which a locomotive can exert. [ 1 ] See also
These include simple rail adhesion, rack railways and cable inclines (including rail mounted water tanks to carry barges). To help with braking on the descent, a non-load-bearing "brake rail" located between the running rails can be used, similar to the rail used in the Fell system, e.g. by the Snaefell Mountain Railway on the Isle of Man.
It does assume Coulomb's friction law, which more or less requires (scrupulously) clean surfaces. This theory is for massive bodies such as the railway wheel-rail contact. With respect to road-tire interaction, an important contribution concerns the so-called magic tire formula by Hans Pacejka. [7] In the 1970s, many numerical models were devised.
Adhesion railway – Railway relying on adhesion to move trains; Adhesive surface forces – Molecular property; Bearing capacity – Capacity of soil to support loads; Collision – Instance of two or more bodies physically contacting each other within a short period of time; Contact dynamics – Motion of multibody systems
Factor of adhesion, which is simply the weight on the locomotive's driving wheels divided by the starting tractive effort; Power classification – British Railways and London, Midland and Scottish railway classification scheme; Rail adhesion; Tractor pulling, bollard pull – articles relating to tractive effort for other forms of vehicle
A classical hunting oscillation is a swaying motion of a railway vehicle (often called truck hunting or bogie hunting) caused by the coning action on which the directional stability of an adhesion railway depends.
To compensate for this, the gradient should be a little less steep the sharper the curve is; the necessary grade reduction is assumed to be given by a simple formula such as 0.04 per cent per "degree of curve", the latter being a measure of curve sharpness used in the United States. On a 10-degree curve (radius 573.7 feet) the grade would thus ...