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Most anal fissures are caused by stretching of the anal mucous membrane beyond its capability. [3] Superficial or shallow anal fissures look much like a paper cut, and may be hard to detect upon visual inspection; they will generally self-heal within a couple of weeks. However, some anal fissures become chronic and deep and will not heal.
Generally, fissures are due to injury to the mucosa, or because of a poor local blood supply that prevents proper healing, with spasm of the external anal sphincter contributing. [9] The external anal sphincter can be relaxed by the application of glyceryl trinitrate creams, and constipation is managed with laxatives and improving hydration. [ 9 ]
Doctors uses a variety of tools and techniques to evaluate the type of anorectal disorder, including digital and anoscopic investigations, palpations, and palpitations.The initial examination can be painful because a gastroenterologist will need to spread the buttocks and probe the painful area, which may require a local anesthetic.
Hemorrhoids (or haemorrhoids), also known as piles, are vascular structures in the anal canal. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] In their normal state, they are cushions that help with stool control. [ 2 ] They become a disease when swollen or inflamed ; the unqualified term hemorrhoid is often used to refer to the disease. [ 8 ]
Two more highly common causes of functional anorectal pain are levator ani syndrome (LAS) and proctalgia fugax.Both of these conditions are thought to be caused by muscle spasms of the either the levator ani muscle or the anal sphincter muscle respectively, and may overlap symptomatically with a third less-common condition called coccygodynia which is the result of previous trauma to the ...
"They showed us a red light on the horizon and said we should sail toward that," said Gholami, 31, one of hundreds of Iranians who have risked their lives to cross the English Channel.
An anoscopy is a medical examination using a small, rigid, tubular instrument called an anoscope (also called a rectal speculum).This is inserted a few inches into the anus in order to evaluate problems of the anal canal.
A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. [2] However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved.