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The main polycarbonate material is produced by the reaction of bisphenol A (BPA) and phosgene COCl 2. The overall reaction can be written as follows: The first step of the synthesis involves treatment of bisphenol A with sodium hydroxide, which deprotonates the hydroxyl groups of the bisphenol A. [6] (HOC 6 H 4) 2 CMe 2 + 2 NaOH → Na 2 (OC 6 ...
Alcohols react with phosgene to yield carbonate esters according to the following reaction: 2 ROH + COCl 2 → ROC(O)OR + 2 HCl. Phenols react similarly. Polycarbonate derived from bisphenol A is produced in this manner. This process is high yielding.
BPA is fairly cheap to produce, as the synthesis benefits from a high atom economy and large amounts of both starting materials are available from the cumene process. [7] As the only by-product is water, it may be considered an industrial example of green chemistry. Global production in 2022 was estimated to be in the region of 10 million ...
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
The simple esterification is an acid-catalyzed process in which protonation of the acid is followed by interaction with the alcohol to produce an ester and water. However, there are a few assumptions needed with this kinetic model. The first assumption is water (or any other condensation product) is efficiently removed.
Caprolactone-based polyols produce polyurethanes with enhanced hydrolysis resistance. [29] [30] Polycarbonate polyols are more expensive than other polyols and are thus used in more demanding applications. [31] [32] They have been used to make an isophorone diisocyanate based prepolymer which is then used in glass coatings. [33]
A mix of isopropyl alcohol (1/3) and water (2/3) in a spray bottle. Isopropyl alcohol ranges from 50 to 90 percent purity. The higher the number the better the deicing capability.
The reaction of an organic substrate with phosgene is called phosgenation. [9] Phosgenation of diols give carbonates (R = H, alkyl, aryl), which can be either linear or cyclic: n HO−CR 2 −X−CR 2 −OH + n COCl 2 → [−O−CR 2 −X−CR 2 −O−C(=O)−] n + 2n HCl. An example is the reaction of phosgene with bisphenol A to form ...