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In vehicle dynamics, slip angle [1] or sideslip angle [2] is the angle between the direction in which a wheel is pointing and the direction in which it is actually traveling (i.e., the angle between the forward velocity vector and the vector sum of wheel forward velocity and lateral velocity , as defined in the image to the right).
It is involved in other properties such as characteristic speed (the speed for an understeer vehicle where the steer angle needed to negotiate a turn is twice the Ackermann angle), lateral acceleration gain (g's/deg), yaw velocity gain (1/s), and critical speed (the speed where an oversteer vehicle has infinite lateral acceleration gain).
In (automotive) vehicle dynamics, slip is the relative motion between a tire and the road surface it is moving on. This slip can be generated either by the tire's rotational speed being greater or less than the free-rolling speed (usually described as percent slip), or by the tire's plane of rotation being at an angle to its direction of motion (referred to as slip angle).
In motorcycles, the steering axis angle is measured from the vertical and called the caster angle, rake angle, or just rake; [5] a 0° rake is therefore vertical. For example, Moto Guzzi [6] offers: a 2007 Breva V 1100 with a rake of 25°30′ (25.5 degrees) a 2007 Nevada Classic 750 with a rake of 27.5°
The intention of Ackermann geometry is to avoid the need for tyres to slip sideways when following the path around a curve. [3] The geometrical solution to this is for all wheels to have their axles arranged as radii of circles with a common centre point. As the rear wheels are fixed, this centre point must be on a line extended from the rear axle.
One torque generated by a tire, called the self aligning torque, is caused by asymmetries in the side-slip along the length of the contact patch. The resultant force of this side-slip occurs behind the geometric center of the contact patch, a distance described as the pneumatic trail, and so creates a torque on the tire. Since the direction of ...
The existing article is wrong from the 1st sentence. (front/rear tire slip angle relationships are determined more by C.G. location. If the mass is forward the front tire need more side force and hence more slip.) The descriptions that follow have more to do with limit behavior than general steering response.
Cornering force is generated by tire slip and is proportional to slip angle at low slip angles. The rate at which cornering force builds up is described by relaxation length . [ 2 ] Slip angle describes the deformation of the tire contact patch , and this deflection of the contact patch deforms the tire in a fashion akin to a spring .