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Hippocampal sclerosis is the most common brain abnormality in those with temporal lobe epilepsy. [16] Hippocampal sclerosis may occur in children under 2 years of age with 1 instance seen as early as 6 months. [17] About 70% of those evaluated for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery have hippocampal sclerosis.
The hippocampus is located in the medial temporal lobe (subcortical), and is an infolding of the medial temporal cortex. [1] The hippocampus plays an important role in the transfer of information from short-term memory to long-term memory during encoding and retrieval stages. These stages do not need to occur successively, but are, as studies ...
The hippocampus is a five centimetre long ridge of gray matter tissue within the parahippocampal gyrus that can only be seen when the gyrus is opened up. [1] [2] The hippocampus is described in three regions, a head, body, and tail. The head is the expanded part near to the temporal lobe.
The medial temporal lobe structures are critical for long-term memory, and include the hippocampal formation, perirhinal cortex, parahippocampal, and entorhinal neocortical regions. [ 4 ] : 196 [ 5 ] The hippocampus is critical for memory formation, and the surrounding medial temporal cortex is currently theorized to be critical for memory storage.
A focal impaired awareness temporal lobe seizure occurs if a person becomes unaware during any part of the seizure. [10] Approximately 80% of seizures in the temporal lobe begin in the mesial temporal region, frequently starting in or around the hippocampus. The hippocampus, found in both temporal lobes, is essential for memory and learning. [12]
The parahippocampal gyrus (or hippocampal gyrus [1]) is a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system. The region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval. It has been involved in some cases of hippocampal sclerosis. [2] Asymmetry has been observed in schizophrenia. [3]
The dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the subfields of the hippocampus, in the hippocampal formation. The hippocampal formation is located in the temporal lobe of the brain, and includes the hippocampus (including CA1 to CA4) subfields, and other subfields including the dentate gyrus, subiculum, and presubiculum. [1] [2]
An individual in the midst of a prolonged TEA attack was given a PET scan which revealed "dramatic and circumscribed hypermetabolism in the left medial temporal lobe" and his "fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MRI scan revealed high signal in the left hippocampus". [13]