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Pascaline (also known as the arithmetic machine or Pascal's calculator) is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. Pascal was led to develop a calculator by the laborious arithmetical calculations required by his father's work as the supervisor of taxes in Rouen . [ 2 ]
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The stepped reckoner or Leibniz calculator was a mechanical calculator invented by the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (started in 1673, when he presented a wooden model to the Royal Society of London [2] and completed in 1694). [1]
Pascaline, 1642 – Blaise Pascal's arithmetic machine primarily intended as an adding machine which could add and subtract two numbers directly, as well as multiply and divide by repetition. Stepped Reckoner, 1672 – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's mechanical calculator that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide.
In 1642, while still a teenager, Blaise Pascal started some pioneering work on calculating machines and after three years of effort and 50 prototypes [18] he invented a mechanical calculator. [19] [20] He built twenty of these machines (called Pascal's calculator or Pascaline) in the following ten years. [21]
Its production debut of 1851 [2] launched the mechanical calculator industry [4] which ultimately built millions of machines well into the 1970s. For forty years, from 1851 to 1890, [7] the arithmometer was the only type of mechanical calculator in commercial production, and it was sold all over the world. During the later part of that period ...