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In Confucianism, the ideal personality is the 聖 shèng, translated as saint or sage.However, as sagehood is impractical for most people, Confucius defined an archetype for a less demanding but still cultured and moral way of life and used the term junzi, originally used to refer to members of the nobility, to refer to anyone upholding that way of life, regardless of social status.
Confucius' solution to this was the "rectification of names". He gave an explanation to one of his disciples: A superior man, in regard to what he does not know, shows a cautious reserve. If names be not correct, language is not in accordance with the truth of things.
Confucius (孔夫子; Kǒng Fū Zǐ, lit. "Master Kong," but most frequently referred to as Kongzi (孔子), traditionally 551 – 479 BCE) was a famous Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings have deeply influenced East Asian life and thought.
The following quotation is from the Analects, a compilation of Confucius' sayings and teachings, written after his death by his disciples. "The superior man has a dignified ease without pride. The mean man has pride without a dignified ease." —
The junzi ('lord's son') is a Chinese philosophical term often translated as "gentleman" or "superior person" [73] and employed by Confucius in the Analects to describe the ideal man. In Confucianism, the sage or wise is the ideal personality; however, it is very hard to become one of them.
Confucius was educated at schools for commoners, where he studied and learned the Six Arts. [21] Confucius was born into the class of shi (士), between the aristocracy and the common people. He is said to have worked in various government jobs during his early 20s, and as a bookkeeper and a caretaker of sheep and horses, using the proceeds to ...
The topics covered by the Kongzi Jiayu include Confucius' detailed ancestry, his parents, his birth, episodes and events from his life, and his sayings. [7] His disciples also feature prominently, including one section devoted entirely to Yan Hui, Confucius' favourite. [8] In all, 76 disciples are mentioned by name. [2]
This text was recognized by Zhang Yu's contemporaries and by subsequent Han scholars as superior to either individual version, and is the text that is recognized as the Analects today. [13] No complete copies of either the Lu version or the old text version of the Analects exist today, [ 14 ] though fragments of the old text version were ...