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Via hydrogenation, benzene and its derivatives convert to cyclohexane and derivatives. This reaction is achieved by the use of high pressures of hydrogen in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts , such as finely divided nickel .
Cyclohexylbenzene is now industrially produced by the acid-catalyzed alkylation of benzene with cyclohexene. [3] [4] The process can proceed using benzene as the exclusive organic precursor. Its partial hydrogenation gives cyclohexene, which alkylates the unhydrogenated benzene. [5]
Transfer hydrogenation. The diimide can be generated from hydrazine or certain other organic precursors. Two hydrocarbons that can serve as hydrogen donors are cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene. In this case, an alkane is formed, along with a benzene. The gain of aromatic stabilization energy when the benzene is formed is the driving force of the ...
Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C 6 H 12. ... cyclohexane is produced by hydrogenation of benzene in the presence of a Raney nickel catalyst.
Cyclohexene is produced by the partial hydrogenation of benzene, a process developed by the Asahi Chemical company. [4] The main product of the process is cyclohexane because cyclohexene is more easily hydrogenated than benzene. In the laboratory, it can be prepared by dehydration of cyclohexanol. [5] C 6 H 11 OH → C 6 H 10 + H 2 O
The complete hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane via 1,3-cyclohexadiene and cyclohexene is exothermic; 1 mole of benzene delivers 208.4 kJ (49.8 kcal). Hydrogenation of one mole of double bonds delivers 119.7 kJ (28.6 kcal), as can be deduced from the last step, the hydrogenation of cyclohexene.
The cyclohexane thus produced may be used in the synthesis of adipic acid, a raw material used in the industrial production of polyamides such as nylon. [14] using Raney nickel catalyzes the hydrogenation benzene to cyclohexane for the production of nylon precursors. Other industrial applications of Raney nickel include the conversion of:
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H 2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule ...