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A water clock or clepsydra (from Ancient Greek κλεψύδρα (klepsúdra) 'pipette, water clock'; from κλέπτω (kléptō) 'to steal' and ὕδωρ (hydor) 'water'; lit. ' water thief ' ) is a timepiece by which time is measured by the regulated flow of liquid into (inflow type) or out from (outflow type) a vessel, and where the amount ...
Ctesibius' water clock, as visualized by the 17th-century French architect Claude Perrault. Ctesibius or Ktesibios or Tesibius (Ancient Greek: Κτησίβιος; fl. 285–222 BCE) was a Greek inventor and mathematician in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt. [1] Very little is known of Ctesibius' life, but his inventions were well known in his ...
c. 3500 BC - Egyptian obelisks are among the earliest shadow clocks. [1] c. 1500 BC - The oldest of all known sundials, dating back to the 19th Dynasty. [2] c. 500 BC - A shadow clock is developed similar in shape to a bent T-square. [3] 3rd century BC - Berossos invents the hemispherical sundial. [4] 270 BCE - Ctesibius builds a water clock.
A limestone Egyptian water clock, 285–246 BC (Oriental Institute, Chicago). The oldest description of a clepsydra, or water clock, is from the tomb inscription of an early 18th Dynasty (c. 1500 BC) Egyptian court official named Amenemhet, who is identified as its inventor. [27]
2000 BC: Water clock by at least the old Babylonian period (c. 2000 – c. 1600 BC), [192] but possibly earlier from Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus Valley. [193] 2000 BC: Chariot in Russia and Kazakhstan [194] 2000 BC: Fountain in Lagash, Sumer. 2000 BC: Scissors, in Mesopotamia. [195] 1850 BC: Proto-alphabet (Proto-Sinaitic script) in Egypt. [196]
Modern water clock by Bernard Gitton Bernard Gitton ( French pronunciation: [bɛʁnaʁ ʒitɔ̃] ); born 24 June 1935 [ 1 ] ) is a French physicist and artist who has built modern water clocks , fountains and other devices relating art and science.
In 1841, Cadwalader Ringgold, an officer in the United States Navy, spent twenty days surveying the San Francisco Bay watershed as a member of the United States Exploring Expedition In 1849, Cadwalader Ringgold began a more comprehensive survey the San Francisco Bay region, [11] the Sacramento River, and parts of the American and created several maps which included depth sounding information ...
"Book Review: Korean Water-Clocks: "Chagyongnu", the Striking Clepsydra, and the History of Control and Instrumentation Engineering". Technology and Culture . 39 (3): 553– 555.