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  2. Japanese honorifics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_honorifics

    Tono (殿 との), pronounced -dono (どの) when attached to a name, roughly means "lord" or "master". It does not imply noble status. It does not imply noble status. Rather it is a term akin to " milord " or French " monseigneur " or Portuguese/Spanish/Italian " don ", and lies above -sama in level of respect.

  3. Honorific speech in Japanese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorific_speech_in_Japanese

    The Japanese language has a system of honorific speech, referred to as keigo (Japanese: 敬 ( けい ) 語 ( ご ), literally "respectful language"), parts of speech one function of which is to show that the speaker wants to convey respect for either the listener or someone mentioned in the utterance.

  4. Salutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salutation

    A salutation is a greeting used in a letter or other communication. Salutations can be formal or informal. The most common form of salutation in an English letter includes the recipient's given name or title. For each style of salutation there is an accompanying style of complimentary close, known as valediction. Examples of non-written ...

  5. List of gairaigo and wasei-eigo terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gairaigo_and_wasei...

    Gairaigo are Japanese words originating from, or based on, foreign-language, generally Western, terms.These include wasei-eigo (Japanese pseudo-anglicisms).Many of these loanwords derive from Portuguese, due to Portugal's early role in Japanese-Western interaction; Dutch, due to the Netherlands' relationship with Japan amidst the isolationist policy of sakoku during the Edo period; and from ...

  6. List of Japanese court ranks, positions and hereditary titles

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Japanese_court...

    English translation Japanese text Romanized Japanese Selected recipients Senior First Rank 正一位 shō ichi-i: Fujiwara no Fuhito (720), Sugawara no Michizane (993), Tokugawa Ieyasu (1617), Lady Saigō (1628), Tokugawa Hidetada (1632), Tokugawa Iemitsu (1651) Junior First Rank 従一位 ju ichi-i

  7. List of Japanese dictionaries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Japanese_dictionaries

    dictionary of modern Japanese history from 1848 to 1975, 12,000 entries Nihon Kokugo Daijiten: 1972–1976, 2000–2002: largest Japanese language dictionary, 20-volume and 14-volume editions, 503,000 entries Nihongo Daijiten: 1989, 1995: Tadao Umesao's popular color-illustrated Japanese dictionary, 2 editions Nippo Jisho: 1603

  8. Bowing in Japan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowing_in_Japan

    The Japanese word お辞儀 (ojigi) was derived from the homophone お時宜, which originally meant "the opportune timing to do something". It did not start to denote specifically the act of bowing in the contemporary sense until late Edo period (1603–1868), when samurai bowing etiquette had spread to the common populace.

  9. Valediction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valediction

    "Yours sincerely" is typically employed in English when the recipient is addressed by name (e.g. "Dear John") and is known to the sender to some degree, whereas "Yours faithfully" is used when the recipient is not addressed by name (i.e., the recipient is addressed by a phrase such as "Dear Sir/Madam") or when the recipient is not known ...