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In 1915, when poison gas was relatively new, less than 3% of British gas casualties died. In 1916, the proportion of fatalities jumped to 17%. By 1918, the figure was back below 3%, though the total number of British gas casualties was now nine times the 1915 levels.
The incident received its grim name from the bloodied, corpse-like appearance of the Russian combatants after they were bombarded with a mixture of poison gases, chlorine and bromine by the Germans. While coughing up blood and often pieces of their inner organs, the Russians covered their faces with cloths and managed to rout the German troops.
German gas attacks were made at night or in the early morning, when the wind was favourable and darkness made it difficult for the defenders to see the gas cloud. [20] [b] Phosgene made the gas cloud more poisonous and the Germans tried to increase the concentration of the gas by discharging it quickly, though this reduced the duration of the ...
The Battle of Loos took place from 25 September to 8 October 1915 in France on the Western Front, during the First World War.It was the biggest British attack of 1915, the first time that the British used poison gas and the first mass engagement of New Army units.
Phosgene is an insidious poison as the odor may not be noticed and symptoms may be slow to appear. [31] At low concentrations, phosgene may have a pleasant odor of freshly mown hay or green corn, [32] but has also been described as sweet, like rotten banana peels.
In 1915, German soldiers opened almost 6,000 canisters of poisonous gas at the Ypres battlefield in Belgium. There were 7,000 total casualties, of which 350 died.
The city, bombarded by artillery fire, was demolished. Although poison gas had been used on the Eastern Front, it surprised the Allies and about 7,000 gas casualties were transported in field ambulances and treated in casualty clearing stations. In May and June, 350 British deaths were recorded from gas poisoning. [28]
Chloropicrin was manufactured for use as poison gas in World War I. [10] In World War I , German forces used concentrated chloropicrin against Allied forces as a tear gas . While not as lethal as other chemical weapons, it induced vomiting and forced Allied soldiers to remove their masks to vomit, exposing them to more toxic gases used as ...