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The IUPAC definition of a solid solution is a "solid in which components are compatible and form a unique phase". [3]The definition "crystal containing a second constituent which fits into and is distributed in the lattice of the host crystal" given in refs., [4] [5] is not general and, thus, is not recommended.
The geological definition of mineral normally excludes compounds that occur only in living organisms. However, some minerals are often biogenic (such as calcite) or organic compounds in the sense of chemistry (such as mellite). Moreover, living organisms often synthesize inorganic minerals (such as hydroxylapatite) that also occur in rocks.
The following is a list of rock types recognized by geologists.There is no agreed number of specific types of rock. Any unique combination of chemical composition, mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics can describe a rock type.
In this example, the rock has prominent sillimanite porphyroblasts as large as 3 cm (1.2 in). A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals [34] or mineraloids. Some rocks, such as limestone or quartzite, are composed primarily of one mineral – calcite or aragonite in the case of limestone, and quartz in the latter case.
Halite (i.e. common salt, NaCl) Potassium and magnesium salts; The abundance of rocks formed by seawater precipitation is in the same order as the precipitation given above. Thus, limestone (dolomite are more common than gypsum, which is more common than halite, which is more common than potassium and magnesium salts.
In nature, cumulates usually form from 2 mineral species, although ranges from 1 to 4 mineral species are known. Cumulate rocks which are formed from one mineral alone are often named after the mineral, for example a 99% magnetite cumulate is known as a magnetitite. A specific example is the Skaergaard intrusion in Greenland.
The geological definition of mineral normally excludes compounds that occur only in living beings. However, some minerals are often biogenic (such as calcite) or are organic compounds in the sense of chemistry (such as mellite). Moreover, living beings often synthesize inorganic minerals (such as hydroxylapatite) that also occur in rocks.
Marble is a metamorphic rock consisting of carbonate minerals (most commonly calcite (CaCO 3) or dolomite (CaMg(CO 3) 2) that have recrystallized under the influence of heat and pressure. [1] It has a crystalline texture, and is typically not foliated ( layered ), although there are exceptions.