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The Livonian War (1558–1583) concerned control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia). ... Map of campaigns in Livonia, 1558–1560.
Map showing conflicts and territorial changes on the Polish-Lithuanian—Russian border, 1450–1600 File:Duchy of Prussia.svg: Small SVG: Map of the Duchy of Prussia File:Livonian war map (1558-1560).svg: Small SVG: Map showing campaigns in Livonia, 1558–1560. File:Map of Poland and Lithuania after the Union of Lublin (1569).svg: Large SVG
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The Livonian Order was a largely autonomous branch of the Teutonic Knights (or Teutonic Order) and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1418 to 1561. After being defeated by Lithuanian forces in the 1236 Battle of Saule, the remnants of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword were incorporated into the Teutonic Knights as the Livonian Order ...
The Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (also referred to as the Russo-Polish War) [3] took place in the final stage of the Livonian War, between 1577 and 1582. Polish–Lithuanian forces led by Stephen Báthory successfully fought against the army of Russian tsar Ivan IV ("the Terrible") over the Duchy of Livonia and Polotsk.
The Kingdom of Livonia [a] was a nominal state in what is now the territory of Estonia and Latvia.Russian tsar Ivan IV declared the establishment of the kingdom during the Livonian War of 1558–1583, but it never functioned properly as a polity.
During the Livonian War, however, the order suffered a decisive defeat by troops of Muscovite Russia in the Battle of Ergeme in 1560. The Livonian Order then sought protection from Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, who had intervened in a war between Bishop William of Riga and the Brothers in 1557.
Map showing conflicts and territorial changes on the Polish-Lithuanian—Russian border, 1450–1600 File:Duchy of Prussia.svg: Small SVG: Map of the Duchy of Prussia File:Livonian war map (1558-1560).svg: Small SVG: Map showing campaigns in Livonia, 1558–1560. File:Map of Poland and Lithuania after the Union of Lublin (1569).svg: Large SVG