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Index inducer or just inducer predictably induce metabolism via a given pathway and are commonly used in prospective clinical drug-drug interaction studies. [2]Strong, moderate, and weak inducers are drugs that decreases the AUC of sensitive index substrates of a given metabolic pathway by ≥80%, ≥50% to <80%, and ≥20% to <50%, respectively.
Gene regulation works using operators and repressors in bacteria. Gene Regulation can be summarized by the response of the respective system: Inducible systems - An inducible system is off unless there is the presence of some molecule (called an inducer) that allows for gene expression. The molecule is said to "induce expression".
Example of a T-REx system controlling the expression of shRNA. Tetracycline-controlled transcriptional activation is a method of inducible gene expression where transcription is reversibly turned on or off in the presence of the antibiotic tetracycline or one of its derivatives (e.g. doxycycline).
Activator binds to an inducer and the complex binds to the activation sequence and activates target gene. [2] Removing the inducer stops transcription. [2] Because a small inducer molecule is required, the increased expression of the target gene is called induction. [2] The lactose operon is one example of an inducible system. [2]
Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression). [1] Interferon regulatory factors contain a conserved N-terminal region of about 120 amino acids, which folds into a structure that binds specifically to the IRF-element (IRF-E) motifs, which is located upstream of the interferon genes. [2]
The first protein to be classified as a suppressor of cytokine signaling, CIS (cytokine-inducible SH2), was discovered in 1995, when it was found to have a unique ability to regulate cytokine signal transduction. [2]
Disulfiram, olmesartan and dithiocarbamates can inhibit the NF-κB signaling cascade. [115] Effort to develop direct NF-κB inhibitor has emerged with compounds such as (-)-DHMEQ, PBS-1086, IT-603 and IT-901. [116] [117] [118] (-)-DHMEQ and PBS-1086 are irreversible binder to NF-κB while IT-603 and IT-901 are reversible binder. DHMEQ ...
TIMP1 is an inhibitory molecule that regulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and disintegrin-metalloproteinases (ADAMs and ADAMTSs). [6] In regulating MMPs, TIMP1 plays a crucial role in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, wound healing, [7] and pregnancy. [8] [9] [10] The dysregulated activity of TIMP1 has been implicated in cancer. [11]