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  2. Pilot-operated relief valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot-operated_relief_valve

    A separate actuator on the piping releases pressure in the line if it crosses a threshold. This releases the pressure on the back of the seal, causing the valve to open. The essential parts of a PORV are a pilot valve (or control pilot), a main valve, a pilot tube, the dome, a disc or piston, and a seat. The volume above the piston is called ...

  3. Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation...

    Piping and instrumentation diagram of pump with storage tank. Symbols according to EN ISO 10628 and EN 62424. A more complex example of a P&ID. A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is defined as follows: A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process.

  4. Relief valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_valve

    A relief valve DN25 on cooling water pipe from heat exchanger Schematic diagram of a conventional spring-loaded pressure relief valve. A relief valve or pressure relief valve (PRV) is a type of safety valve used to control or limit the pressure in a system; excessive pressure might otherwise build up and create a process upset, instrument or equipment failure, explosion, or fire.

  5. Backwashing (water treatment) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backwashing_(water_treatment)

    Backwashing cycle is run on the left filter of the test columns in a water filtration plant. [1]In terms of water treatment, including water purification and sewage treatment, backwashing refers to pumping water backwards through the filters media, sometimes including intermittent use of compressed air during the process.

  6. Backflow prevention device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backflow_prevention_device

    Backflow prevention device. The simplest, most reliable way to provide backflow prevention is to provide an air gap.An air gap is simply an open vertical space between any device that connects to a plumbing system (like a valve or faucet) and any place where contaminated water can collect or pool.

  7. Pentair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentair

    Pentair plc (PNR) is an American water treatment company incorporated in Ireland with tax residency in UK, with its main U.S. office in Golden Valley, Minnesota. [6] Pentair was founded in the US, with 65% of company's revenue coming from the US and Canada as of 2017.

  8. Water softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

    Backwash: Water is directed through the resin in the direction opposite to that of normal flow, and the output is sent to a drain for disposal. This ten-minute process flushes out solids, and expands the resin bed.

  9. Check valve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_valve

    Tilting-disc inconel check valve Check valve symbol on piping and instrumentation diagrams. The arrow shows the flow direction. Vertical lift check valve. A check valve, non-return valve, reflux valve, retention valve, foot valve, or one-way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction. [1]