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Mammillary bodies, and their projections to the anterior thalamus via the mammillothalamic tract, are important for recollective memory. [7] According to studies of rats with mammillary body lesions, damage to the medial mammillary nucleus lead to spatial memory deficits.
The mammillothalamic tract is part of the Papez circuit (involved in spatial memory), starting and finishing in the hippocampus. [1] The fibers of the MMT are heavily myelinated. [2] [3] [4] It arises from the medial and lateral nuclei of the mammillary bodies, and from fibers that are directly continued from the fornix of the hippocampus.
The anterior nuclei receive afferents from the hippocampus and subiculum directly via the fornix, and indirectly via the mammillary bodies and mammillothalamic tract (MTT). They send efferent fibers to the cingulate gyrus, limbic, and orbitofrontal cortex. [1] The anterior nuclei of the thalamus display functions pertaining to memory.
Some scientists have narrowed it down to specifically spatial and episodic memory. [9] [10] Damage to the mammillothalamic tract, ventral anterior nucleus, and ventral lateral nucleus can result in memory and language impairment. [11] Amnesia can be a result of disconnection of the mammillary bodies from the Papez circuit. [12]
Patients who have had a colloid cyst removed from the third ventricle sometimes experience some difficulty with day‐to‐day memory. Mammillary body atrophy in patients with surgical removal of colloid cysts indicates that this atrophy is partly due to a loss of temporal lobe projections in the fornix. [11]
People with the condition may also exhibit a dislike for sunlight and so may wish to stay indoors with the lights off. The mechanism of this degeneration is unknown, but it supports the current neurological theory that the mammillary bodies play a role in various "memory circuits" within the brain. An example of a memory circuit is the Papez ...
The medial dorsal nucleus (or mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus, dorsomedial nucleus, dorsal medial nucleus, or medial nucleus group) is a large nucleus in the thalamus. [1] [2] It is separated from the other thalamic nuclei by the internal medullary lamina.
The supramammillary nucleus (SuM), or supramammillary area, is a thin layer of cells in the brain that lies above the mammillary bodies. It can be considered part of the hypothalamus and diencephalon. The nucleus can be divided into medial and lateral sections.