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Bagan (Burmese: ပုဂံ; MLCTS: pu.gam, IPA: [bəɡàɰ̃]; formerly Pagan) is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar. [1] From the 9th to 13th centuries, the city was the capital of the Pagan Kingdom, the first kingdom that unified the regions that would later constitute Myanmar.
It existed alongside Pyu city-states that dominated Upper Burma. The city-state of Pagan, according to mainstream scholarship, was founded in the mid 9th century by the Mranma of Nanzhao Kingdom. Burmans at Pagan expanded irrigation-based cultivation while borrowing extensively from the Pyus' predominantly Buddhist culture.
Mon continued to flourish in Lower Myanmar but Pyu as a language had died out by the early 13th century. [46] [83] Another important development in Burmese history and Burmese language was the rise of Pali, the liturgical language of Theravada Buddhism. The use of Sanskrit, which had been prevalent in the Pyu realm and in the early Pagan era ...
Bagan (Burmese: ပုဂံ; MLCTS: pu.gam, IPA: [bəɡàɰ̃]; formerly Pagan) is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Myanmar. [1] During the 11th and 13th centuries, more than 10,000 Buddhist temples, pagodas and monasteries were constructed in the Bagan mainly lying in the Bagan Archaeological Zone . [ 2 ]
Myanmar is known by a name deriving from Burma in Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Greek. [53] French-language media consistently use Birmanie. [54] [55] There are at least nine different pronunciations of the English name Myanmar, and no single one is standard. Pronunciations with two syllables are found most often in major British and American ...
The temple is located inside the city walls of old Bagan, Burma (Coordinates: 21.168965° N, 94.862738° E). [1] Nathlaung Kyaung Temple is to the west of the Thatbyinnyu Temple, and it is the only remaining Hindu temple in Bagan.
Just inside the southeastern corner of the old city wall, the Thatbyinnyu Temple was founded by King Sithu I of Bagan Dynasty in 1144/45. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] According to the royal chronicles , it was the king's second major temple construction after the Shwegugyi Temple , [ 1 ] [ 3 ] and the king is said to have donated "boatloads of rubies" to both ...
The palace's excavation site is located on the southern side of Bagan-Nyaung Oo Road. Between 1989 and 2003, it underwent excavation with government approval. Subsequently, in 2003, the palace was meticulously reconstructed, drawing design inspiration from remnants of mural art found in ancient Pagan temples.