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Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND) is an attack of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occurs at night. [1] It usually awakens the person from sleep, and may be quite frightening. [ 2 ]
Acute bronchitis, also known as a chest cold, is short-term bronchitis – inflammation of the bronchi (large and medium-sized airways) of the lungs. [2] [1] The most common symptom is a cough. [1] Other symptoms include coughing up mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, fever, and chest discomfort. [2] The infection may last from a few to ten ...
In women where the pregnancy is not the first, malaria infection is more often asymptomatic, even at high parasite loads, compared to women having their first pregnancy. [1] There is a decreasing susceptibility to malaria with increasing parity, probably due to immunity to pregnancy-specific antigens. [1] Young maternal age and increases the ...
The infection then makes its way down to the bronchi. Symptoms include coughing up sputum, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Bronchitis can be acute or chronic. [1] Acute bronchitis usually has a cough that lasts around three weeks, [4] and is also known as a chest cold. [5] In more than 90% of cases, the cause is a viral infection ...
[9] [10] Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. [3] These may occur a few times a day or a few times per week. [4] Depending on the person, asthma symptoms may become worse at night or with exercise. [4] Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. [3]
Infections in pregnancy also raise particular concerns about whether or not to use drugs in pregnancy (that is, antibiotics or antivirals) to treat them. For example, pregnant women who contract H1N1 influenza infection are recommended to receive antiviral therapy with either oseltamivir (which is the preferred medication) or zanamivir . [ 11 ]
Chest pain is pain or discomfort in the chest, typically the front of the chest. [1] It may be described as sharp, dull, pressure, heaviness or squeezing. [ 3 ] Associated symptoms may include pain in the shoulder, arm, upper abdomen , or jaw, along with nausea , sweating, or shortness of breath .
A routine chest X-ray is not always necessary for people who have symptoms of a lower respiratory tract infection. [4] Influenza affects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. [citation needed] Antibiotics are the first line treatment for pneumonia; however, they are neither effective nor indicated for parasitic or viral infections. Acute ...