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  2. 1st century BC - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_century_BC

    The 1st century BC, also known as the last century BC and the last century BCE, started on the first day of 100 BC and ended on the last day of 1 BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero ; however, astronomical year numbering does use a zero, as well as a minus sign, so "2 BC" is equal to "year –1".

  3. Circumcision controversy in early Christianity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcision_controversy...

    There are numerous references in the Hebrew Bible to the obligation for circumcision [25] and the uncircumcised are to be cut off from the people in Genesis 17:14. [26]During the 1st century BC there was a controversy in Judaism relating to whether or not a proselyte who was already circumcised needed to be ritually re-circumcised.

  4. Optimates and populares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimates_and_populares

    References to optimates (also called boni, "good men") and populares are found among the writings of Roman authors of the 1st century BC. The distinction between the terms is most clearly established in Cicero 's Pro Sestio , a speech given and published in 56 BC, [ 9 ] [ 10 ] where he framed the two labels against each other.

  5. List of state leaders in the 1st century BC - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in...

    Hagamasha, Satrap (late 1st century BC) Hagana, Satrap (late 1st century BC) Shunga Empire (complete list) – Devabhuti, Emperor (83–73 BC) Pakistan. Apracharajas (complete list) – Indravarman, Raja (1st century BC) Vijayamitra, Raja (12 BC–15 AD) Sri Lanka. Anuradhapura Kingdom (complete list) – Pulahatta, King (103–100 BC) Bahiya ...

  6. Gaius Marius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaius_Marius

    After the events of 100 BC, Marius at first tried to oppose the recall of Metellus Numidicus, who had been exiled by Saturninus in 103. However, seeing that opposition was impossible, Marius decided to travel to the east to Galatia in 98 BC, ostensibly to fulfil a vow he had made to the goddess Magna Mater. [155] [156]

  7. Crisis of the Roman Republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Roman_Republic

    The Roman Republic in 100 BC. For centuries, historians have argued about the start, specific crises involved, and end date for the crisis of the Roman Republic. As a culture (or "web of institutions"), Florence Dupont and Christopher Woodall wrote, "no distinction is made between different periods."

  8. Roman expansion in Italy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy

    Territories of Cisalpine Gaul (highlighted in transparent red) between the end of the 2nd century BC and the beginning of the 1st century BC. Having established an effective dominion over the Italian peninsula, [52] and on the strength of its military reputation, [53] Rome was able to start looking at expanding outside the Italian peninsula.

  9. History of Latin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Latin

    Survivals emphasise polished and sometimes highly stylized literary language texts sometimes termed Golden Latin, which spans the 1st century BC and the early years of the 1st century AD. As with any written language, the spoken language differed somewhat in grammar, tone and vocabulary, and is referred to as Vulgar Latin. However, theories ...