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Canada covers 9,984,670 km 2 (3,855,100 sq mi) and a panoply of various geoclimatic regions, of which there are seven main regions. [9] Canada also encompasses vast maritime terrain, with the world's longest coastline of 243,042 kilometres (151,019 mi). [20] The physical geography of Canada is widely varied.
In numbering maritime boundaries, three separate figures are included for each country and territory. The first number is the total number of distinct maritime boundaries that the country or territory shares with other countries and territories.
The international border between Canada and the United States, with Yukon on one side and Alaska on the other, circa 1900-1923 [1]. The borders of Canada include: . To the south and west: An international boundary with the United States, forming the longest shared border in the world, 8,893 km (5,526 mi); [2] (Informally referred as the 49th parallel north which makes up the boundary at parts.
Land borders and maritime boundaries are included and are tabulated separately and in combination. For purposes of this list, "maritime boundary" includes boundaries that are recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which includes boundaries of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones.
A maritime boundary is a conceptual division of Earth's water surface areas using physiographical or geopolitical criteria. As such, it usually bounds areas of exclusive national rights over mineral and biological resources, [ 1 ] encompassing maritime features, limits and zones. [ 2 ]
The Maritimes, also called the Maritime provinces, is a region of Eastern Canada consisting of three provinces: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island.The Maritimes had a population of 1,899,324 in 2021, which makes up 5.1% of Canada's population. [1]
Schematic map of maritime zones (aerial view). Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf (these components are sometimes collectively called the maritime zones [1]).
The exclusive economic zone of Canada is the area of the sea in which Canada has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. [1] Canada's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is the 7th-largest in the world. [2]