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The temperature reading depends on which part of the body is being measured. The typical daytime temperatures among healthy adults are as follows: Temperature in the rectum (rectal), vagina, or in the ear (tympanic) is about 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) [20] [medical citation needed] Temperature in the mouth (oral) is about 36.8 °C (98.2 °F) [12]
Anders Celsius's original thermometer used a reversed scale, with 100 as the freezing point and 0 as the boiling point of water.. In 1742, Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744) created a temperature scale that was the reverse of the scale now known as "Celsius": 0 represented the boiling point of water, while 100 represented the freezing point of water. [5]
Skin temperature is the temperature of the outermost surface of the body. Normal human skin temperature on the trunk of the body varies between 33.5 and 36.9 °C (92.3 and 98.4 °F), though the skin's temperature is lower over protruding parts, like the nose, and higher over muscles and active organs. [ 1 ]
Temperature in the mouth (oral) is at or over 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) in the morning or over 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) in the afternoon [7] [34] Temperature under the arm (axillary) is usually about 0.6 °C (1.1 °F) below core body temperature. [35]
The triple point is at a temperature of 273.16 K (0.01 °C; 32.02 °F) and a pressure of 611.657 pascals (0.00604 atm; 0.0887 psi); [71] it is the lowest pressure at which liquid water can exist. Until 2019, the triple point was used to define the Kelvin temperature scale. [72] [73]
Hypothermia is defined as a body core temperature below 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) in humans. [2] Symptoms depend on the temperature. In mild hypothermia, there is shivering and mental confusion.
Up to 99.63 °C (the boiling point of water at 0.1 MPa), at this pressure water exists as a liquid. Above that, it exists as water vapor. Note that the boiling point of 100.0 °C is at a pressure of 0.101325 MPa (1 atm), which is the average atmospheric pressure.
Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different. A thermoconforming organism, by contrast, simply adopts the surrounding temperature as its own body temperature, thus avoiding the need for internal thermoregulation.