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Mees' lines can look similar to injury to the nail, which should not be confused with true Mees' lines. [1]Mees' lines appear after an episode of poisoning with arsenic, [2] thallium or other heavy metals or selenium, [3] opioid MT-45, and can also appear if the subject is suffering from kidney failure. [4]
Muehrcke's lines were described by American physician Robert C. Muehrcke (1921–2003) in 1956. In a study published in BMJ, he examined patients with known chronic hypoalbuminemia and healthy volunteers, finding that the appearance of multiple transverse white lines was a highly specific marker for low serum albumin (no subject with the sign had SA over 2.2 g/dL), was associated with severity ...
Also known as "true" leukonychia, this is the most common form of leukonychia, in which small white spots appear on the nails. Picking and biting of the nails are a prominent cause in young children and nail biters. Besides parakeratosis, air that is trapped between the cells may also cause this appearance. [5] It is also caused by trauma.
White lines across the nail (leukonychia striata, or transverse leukonychia) may be Mees' lines or Muehrcke's lines. Small white patches are known as leukonychia punctata. Dark nails are associated with B 12 deficiency. Stains of the nail plate (not the nail bed) are associated with smoking and henna use.
It may form for different, and sometimes dangerous, reasons.
[1]: 785 The darker distal discoloration does not fade on pressure, [2] which differentiates Lindsay's nails from Terry's nails. The discoloration is thought to be due to β-melanocyte–stimulating hormone. [2] Seventy percent of hemodialysis patients and 56% of renal transplant patients have at least one type of nail abnormality.
Endonyx onychomycosis is characterized by leukonychia along with a lack of onycholysis or subungual hyperkeratosis. [18] Candidal onychomycosis is Candida species invasion of the fingernails, usually occurring in persons who frequently immerse their hands in water. This normally requires the prior damage of the nail by infection or trauma.
Trachyonychia is a condition characterized by rough accentuated linear ridges (longitudinal striations) on the nails of the fingers and toes. [3] The term is from Greek τραχύς (trakhus) 'rough' and ὄνυξ (onyx) 'nail'.