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The Visigoths (/ ˈ v ɪ z ɪ ɡ ɒ θ s /; Latin: Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi) were a Germanic people united under the rule of a king and living within the Roman Empire during late antiquity. The Visigoths first appeared in the Balkans, as a Roman-allied barbarian [1] military group united under the command of Alaric I.
The Visigoths founded the only new cities in Western Europe between the fifth and eighth centuries. It is certain (through contemporary Spanish accounts) that they founded four, and a possible fifth city is ascribed to them by a later Arabic source. All of these cities were founded for military purposes and three of them in celebration of victory.
The Gothic Christians were followers of Arianism. [1] Many church members, from simple believers, priests, and monks to bishops, emperors, and members of Rome's imperial family followed this doctrine, as did two Roman emperors, Constantius II and Valens. After their sack of Rome, the Visigoths moved on to occupy Spain and southern France.
The first Germanic people to convert to Arianism were the Visigoths, at the latest in 376 when they entered the Roman Empire. This followed a longer period of missionary work by both Orthodox Christians and Arians, such as the Arian Wulfila, who was made missionary bishop of the Goths in 341 and translated the Bible into Gothic. [8]
The Visigothic kings and nobles were traditionally Arian Christians, while the Hispano-Roman population were Chalcedonian Christians. The bishop Leander of Seville was instrumental in converting the elder son and heir of Leovigild, Hermenegild, to Chalcedonianism. Leander supported his rebellion and was exiled for his role.
The significance of the burial site's design lies in its mix of both Pagan and Christian burial rituals. While there were many Christian influences present in Visigothic society at this time and Recceswinth himself was heavily influenced by the teachings of Christianity, the design characteristics and manner of his burial can still be ...
589 – Visigoths go from Arian to Chalcedonian; 591 – Lombards go from Arian to Chalcedonian; c. 592 – Lakhmids (Nestorian Church) 601 – Kent (Chalcedonian Church) 604 – East Anglia and Essex (Chalcedonian) 607 – Iberia returns from Apostolic to Chalcedonian; 610 – Armenia and Caucasian Albania go from Chalcedonian to Monophysite [10]
That was partially because the Visigoths were only 1 to 2% of the population, [5] which made it difficult to maintain control over a rebellious population. The ruler at the time was King Roderic [2] but the manner of his ascent to the throne is unclear. There are accounts of a dispute with Achila II, son of his predecessor Wittiza.