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An overlap syndrome is a medical condition which shares features of at least two more widely recognised disorders. Examples of overlap syndromes can be found in many medical specialties such as overlapping connective tissue disorders in rheumatology , and overlapping genetic disorders in cardiology .
In MCTD, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC genes have been linked to disease vulnerability. [10] HLA-DR4 in the MHC is linked to both anti-RNP antibody responses and MCTD. [ 52 ] [ 53 ] The HLA class II phenotype/genotype most closely connected with scleroderma , HLA-DR5 , and its subgroups, has been demonstrated to have a ...
The term is sometimes used interchangeably with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), as it is an overlap syndrome. However, some researchers believe that MCTD is a clinically distinct entity and is strongly associated with the presence of titer high in antibodies Ribonucleoproteins (RNP). [4]
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is the third-most common rheumatic autoimmune disorder, behind rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. [19] There are no geographical differences in the rates of SS. [97] Sjögren's syndrome has been reported in all areas of the world, although regional rates have not been well studied. [97] [98]
PM/Scl overlap syndrome Scleromyositis , is an autoimmune disease (a disease in which the immune system attacks the body). People with scleromyositis have symptoms of both systemic scleroderma and either polymyositis or dermatomyositis , and is therefore considered an overlap syndrome .
Immunofluorescence pattern of SS-A and SS-B antibodies. Produced using serum from a patient on HEp-20-10 cells with a FITC conjugate. Anti-SSA autoantibodies (anti–Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies, also called anti-Ro, or similar names including anti-SSA/Ro, anti-Ro/SSA, anti–SS-A/Ro, and anti-Ro/SS-A) are a type of anti-nuclear autoantibodies that are associated with ...
Myocarditis-myositis-myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome (IM3OS) is a rare immune-related adverse event primarily associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These ICIs, which have been incorporated into the treatment of various malignancies , function by activating the immune system to detect and attack cancer cells .
Sjögren–Larsson syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive form of ichthyosis with neurological symptoms. [ 1 ] : 485 [ 2 ] : 564 [ 3 ] It can be identified by a triad of medical disorders. The first is ichthyosis , which is a buildup of skin to form a scale-like covering that causes dry skin and other problems.