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For example, a normal 8 × 8 square will always equate to 260 for each row, column, or diagonal. The normal magic constant of order n is n 3 + n / 2 . The largest magic constant of normal magic square which is also a: triangular number is 15 (solve the Diophantine equation x 2 = y 3 + 16y + 16, where y is divisible by 4); square number ...
A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. [1]
The number zero for n = 6 is an example of a more general phenomenon: associative magic squares do not exist for values of n that are singly even (equal to 2 modulo 4). [3] Every associative magic square of even order forms a singular matrix, but associative magic squares of odd order can be singular or nonsingular. [4]
In the example below, the left square is the original square, while the right square is the new square obtained by this transformation. In the middle square, rows 1 and 2 and rows 3 and 4 have been swapped. The final square on the right is obtained by interchanging columns 1 and 2 and columns 3 and 4 of the middle square.
* In 4 × 4 most-perfect magic squares, any 2 cells that are 2 cells diagonally apart (including wraparound) sum to half the magic constant, hence any 2 such pairs also sum to the magic constant. A semimagic square is an n × n square with the numbers 1 to n 2 in its cells, in which the sum of each row and column is the same.
Since each 2 × 2 subsquare sums to the magic constant, 4 × 4 pandiagonal magic squares are most-perfect magic squares. In addition, the two numbers at the opposite corners of any 3 × 3 square add up to half the magic constant. Consequently, all 4 × 4 pandiagonal magic squares that are associative must have duplicate cells.
For each square, cells with the same colour (excluding grey) sum to the magic constant. Note *: The second requirement of most-perfect magic squares imply that any 2 cells that are 2 cells diagonally apart (including wraparound) sum to half the magic constant, hence any 2 such pairs also sum to the magic constant. Width: 100%: Height: 100%
The first 4-magic square was constructed by Charles Devimeux in 1983 and was a 256-order square. A 4-magic square of order 512 was constructed in May 2001 by André Viricel and Christian Boyer. [1] The first 5-magic square, of order 1024 arrived about one month later, in June 2001 again by Viricel and Boyer. They also presented a smaller 4 ...