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  2. Essentialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialism

    Paul Bloom of Yale University has stated that "one of the most exciting ideas in cognitive science is the theory that people have a default assumption that things, people and events have invisible essences that make them what they are. Experimental psychologists have argued that essentialism underlies our understanding of the physical and ...

  3. Essence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essence

    Essence (Latin: essentia) has various meanings and uses for different thinkers and in different contexts.It is used in philosophy and theology as a designation for the property or set of properties or attributes that make an entity the entity it is or, expressed negatively, without which it would lose its identity.

  4. Pleonasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleonasm

    A bilingual tautological expression is a phrase that combines words that mean the same thing in two different languages. [ 8 ] : 138 An example of a bilingual tautological expression is the Yiddish expression מים אחרונים וואַסער ‎ mayim akhroynem vaser .

  5. Essentially contested concept - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentially_contested_concept

    The disputes that attend an essentially contested concept are driven by substantive disagreements over a range of different, entirely reasonable (although perhaps mistaken) interpretations of a mutually-agreed-upon archetypical notion, such as the legal precept "treat like cases alike; and treat different cases differently", with "each party ...

  6. Literal and figurative language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_and_figurative...

    An idiom is an expression that has a figurative meaning often related, but different from the literal meaning of the phrase. Example: You should keep your eye out for him. A pun is an expression intended for a humorous or rhetorical effect by exploiting different meanings of words. Example: I wondered why the ball was getting bigger. Then it ...

  7. Aristotle's theory of universals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle's_theory_of...

    Aristotle argued that people form concepts and make generalizations in the manner of a young child, who is just on the verge of grasping a generic concept such as human being. In his view, the child is gathering his or her memories of various encounters with individual humans, searching for the essential similarity that stands out, on ...

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  9. Soft skills - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_skills

    The term "soft skills" was created by the U.S. Army in the late 1960s. It refers to any skill that does not employ the use of machinery. The military realized that many important activities were included within this category, and in fact, the social skills necessary to lead groups, motivate soldiers, and win wars were encompassed by skills they had not yet catalogued or fully studied.