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  2. Empty product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empty_product

    Allowing a "product" with zero factors reduces the number of cases to be considered in many mathematical formulas. Such a "product" is a natural starting point in induction proofs, as well as in algorithms. For these reasons, the "empty product is one" convention is common practice in mathematics and computer programming.

  3. Price discrimination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_discrimination

    For certain products, premium products are priced at a level (compared to "regular" or "economy" products) that is well beyond their marginal cost of production. For example, a coffee chain may price regular coffee at $1, but "premium" coffee at $2.50 (where the respective costs of production may be $0.90 and $1.25).

  4. Supply and demand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_and_demand

    Supply chain as connected supply and demand curves. In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market.It postulates that, holding all else equal, the unit price for a particular good or other traded item in a perfectly competitive market, will vary until it settles at the market-clearing price, where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied ...

  5. Market power - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_power

    A monopoly is considered a 'market failure' and consists of one firm that produces a unique product or service without close substitutes. Whilst pure monopolies are rare, monopoly power is far more common and can be seen in many industries even with more than one supplier in the market. [20]

  6. Managerial economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managerial_economics

    The most common types of costs that are factored into this decision include: [89] Fixed costs; Variable costs; Marginal cost; Average total cost; Sunk costs; The impact of short-run and long run costs are important in determining production in a certain firm . It is assumed some costs are fixed in the short-run and are thus considered "fixed ...

  7. Amazon launches low-cost ecommerce service in US to ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/amazon-launches-low-cost...

    (Reuters) - Amazon.com launched a low-cost ecommerce service called Amazon Haul for some customers in the United States giving them a selection of products at $20 or less, the online retailer said ...

  8. Amazon Adds 100+ Same-Day Delivery Sites - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/amazon-adds-100-same-day...

    When contractors make deliveries from Amazon’s same-day sites, it can cost around $3.30 per package, compared to $1.75 from traditional fulfillment sites, WSJ reported.

  9. Gross margin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_margin

    In a more complex example, if an item costs $204 to produce and is sold for a price of $340, the price includes a 67% markup ($136) which represents a 40% gross margin. This means that 40% of the $340 is profit.