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In computer science, a set is an abstract data type that can store unique values, without any particular order. It is a computer implementation of the mathematical concept of a finite set. Unlike most other collection types, rather than retrieving a specific element from a set, one typically tests a value for membership in a set.
A left identity element that is also a right identity element if called an identity element. The empty set ∅ {\displaystyle \varnothing } is an identity element of binary union ∪ {\displaystyle \cup } and symmetric difference , {\displaystyle \triangle ,} and it is also a right identity element of set subtraction ∖ : {\displaystyle ...
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. [33] Python is dynamically type-checked and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional ...
In many programming languages, map is a higher-order function that applies a given function to each element of a collection, e.g. a list or set, returning the results in a collection of the same type. It is often called apply-to-all when considered in functional form.
A set of polygons in an Euler diagram This set equals the one depicted above since both have the very same elements.. In mathematics, a set is a collection of different [1] things; [2] [3] [4] these things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects of any kind: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometrical shapes, variables, or even other ...
Set covering is equivalent to the hitting set problem. That is seen by observing that an instance of set covering can be viewed as an arbitrary bipartite graph, with the universe represented by vertices on the left, the sets represented by vertices on the right, and edges representing the membership of elements to sets. The task is then to find ...
A set-valued function, also called a correspondence or set-valued relation, is a mathematical function that maps elements from one set, the domain of the function, to subsets of another set. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Set-valued functions are used in a variety of mathematical fields, including optimization , control theory and game theory .
For a ≤ b, the closed interval [a, b] is the set of elements x satisfying a ≤ x ≤ b (that is, a ≤ x and x ≤ b). It contains at least the elements a and b. Using the corresponding strict relation "<", the open interval (a, b) is the set of elements x satisfying a < x < b (i.e. a < x and x < b). An open interval may be empty even if a < b.