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Inflation can lead to massive demonstrations and revolutions. For example, inflation and in particular food inflation is considered one of the main reasons that caused the 2010–2011 Tunisian revolution [112] and the 2011 Egyptian revolution, [113] according to many observers including Robert Zoellick, [114] president of the World Bank.
– Examples where inflation has eased, ranked by the size of the change: Passenger travel by air: August up 11.9%, September down 5.0% Olive oil: Aug up 40.8%, Sep up 33.0%
Monetary inflation is a sustained increase in the money supply of a country (or currency area). Depending on many factors, especially public expectations, the fundamental state and development of the economy, and the transmission mechanism, it is likely to result in price inflation, which is usually just called "inflation", which is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services.
Neo-Keynesian theory distinguished two distinct kinds of inflation: demand-pull (caused by shifts of the aggregate demand curve) and cost-push (caused by shifts of the aggregate supply curve). Stagflation, in this view, is caused by cost-push inflation. Cost-push inflation occurs when some force or condition increases the costs of production.
The national consumer price index rose 6.2 percent from October 2020 to October 2021. That's the largest 12-month increase since 1990, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The causes of inflation, however, are anything but straightforward. And investors are better off keeping a close eye on incoming data than blindly believing the pundits who have a simplistic view ...
A characteristic feature of galloping inflation is high risks associated with fixing contracts at nominal prices. Contracts should either stipulate price increases or be nominated in a stable foreign currency. For example, in Russia, during the period of galloping inflation of 1990s, prices for goods and services were often nominated in US dollars.
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