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It was through its recording in Gurmukhi that knowledge of the pronunciation and grammar of the Old Punjabi language (c. 10th–16th century) was preserved for modern philologists. [27] A sample of a mediaeval, handwritten Gurmukhi document. The Sikh gurus adopted Proto-Gurmukhī to write the Guru Granth Sahib, the religious scriptures of the ...
Gurmukhi is a Unicode block containing characters for the Punjabi language, in the Gurmukhi script. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0A02..U+0A4C were a direct copy of the Gurmukhi characters A2-EC from the 1988 ISCII standard.
In matters of script, Punjabi uses Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi. On this grammar page Punjabi is written in "standard orientalist" transcription as outlined in Masica (1991:xv) (with one change; representing ai /ɛː/ and au /ɔː/ with ē and ō respectively).
A fresco from a ‘Samadhi’ depicting ‘Santhiya’ being taught Students of the Sikh University, Damdami Taksal, learning Santhiya. Santhiya or Santhya (Gurmukhi: ਸੰਥਿਆ, romanized: Sathi'ā; 'elocution') is the correct pronunciation (ucharan [1]) of Gurbani, [2] [3] taught in the manner of the 10th Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh. [4]
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth ', Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁੱਖ਼ੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.
In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Perso-Arabic script; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi alphabet, based on the Indic scripts. Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and the broader Indo-European language family in its usage of lexical tone.
Anandpur Lipi (Punjabi: ਆਨੰਦਪੁਰ ਲਿਪੀ; also known as Anandpuri Lipi or Shehkasteh) is a calligraphic (Punjabi: Shikasta [1] [2] [note 1]) style of the Gurmukhi script associated with Guru Gobind Singh. [3]