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Excel's storage of numbers in binary format also affects its accuracy. [3] To illustrate, the lower figure tabulates the simple addition 1 + x − 1 for several values of x. All the values of x begin at the 15 th decimal, so Excel must take them into account. Before calculating the sum 1 + x, Excel first approximates x as a binary number
A superparabola is a geometric curve defined in the Cartesian coordinate system as a set of points (x, y) with = [()], where p, a, and b are positive integers. This equation defines an open curve within the rectangle − a ≤ x ≤ a {\displaystyle -a\leq x\leq a} , 0 ≤ y ≤ b {\displaystyle 0\leq y\leq b} .
An ellipse can be defined as the locus of points for which the sum of the distances to two given foci is constant. A circle is the special case of an ellipse in which the two foci coincide with each other. Thus, a circle can be more simply defined as the locus of points each of which is a fixed distance from a single given focus.
In the case of a single parameter, parametric equations are commonly used to express the trajectory of a moving point, in which case, the parameter is often, but not necessarily, time, and the point describes a curve, called a parametric curve. In the case of two parameters, the point describes a surface, called a parametric surface.
A line will connect any two points, so a first degree polynomial equation is an exact fit through any two points with distinct x coordinates. If the order of the equation is increased to a second degree polynomial, the following results: = + +. This will exactly fit a simple curve to three points.
Given the curve y 2 = x 3 + bx + c over the field K (whose characteristic we assume to be neither 2 nor 3), and points P = (x P, y P) and Q = (x Q, y Q) on the curve, assume first that x P ≠ x Q (case 1). Let y = sx + d be the equation of the line that intersects P and Q, which has the following slope: =
The average distance between a center of a unit square and a point on the square's boundary is . If we uniformly sample every point on the perimeter of the square, take line segments (drawn from the center) corresponding to each point, add them together by joining each line segment next to the other, scaling them down, the curve obtained is a ...
For example, given a = f(x) = a 0 x 0 + a 1 x 1 + ··· and b = g(x) = b 0 x 0 + b 1 x 1 + ···, the product ab is a specific value of W(x) = f(x)g(x). One may easily find points along W(x) at small values of x, and interpolation based on those points will yield the terms of W(x) and the specific product ab. As fomulated in Karatsuba ...