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  2. Rational number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_number

    In mathematics, "rational" is often used as a noun abbreviating "rational number". The adjective rational sometimes means that the coefficients are rational numbers. For example, a rational point is a point with rational coordinates (i.e., a point whose coordinates are rational numbers); a rational matrix is a matrix of rational numbers; a rational polynomial may be a polynomial with rational ...

  3. Rhind Mathematical Papyrus 2/n table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhind_Mathematical_Papyrus...

    The table consisted of 26 unit fraction series of the form 1/n written as sums of other rational numbers. [9] The Akhmim wooden tablet wrote difficult fractions of the form 1/n (specifically, 1/3, 1/7, 1/10, 1/11 and 1/13) in terms of Eye of Horus fractions which were fractions of the form ⁠ 1 / 2 k ⁠ and remainders expressed in terms of a ...

  4. Niven's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niven's_theorem

    Namely, Lehmer showed that for relatively prime integers k and n with n > 2, the number 2 cos(2πk/n) is an algebraic number of degree φ(n)/2, where φ denotes Euler's totient function. Because rational numbers have degree 1, we must have n ≤ 2 or φ(n) = 2 and therefore the only possibilities are n = 1,2,3,4,6.

  5. Number theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_theory

    Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions.German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics."

  6. List of numbers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_numbers

    A list of articles about numbers (not about numerals). Topics include powers of ten, notable integers, prime and cardinal numbers, and the myriad system.

  7. Number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number

    In mathematics, the notion of number has been extended over the centuries to include zero (0), [3] negative numbers, [4] rational numbers such as one half (), real numbers such as the square root of 2 and π, [5] and complex numbers [6] which extend the real numbers with a square root of −1 (and its combinations with real numbers by adding or ...