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Wind speed on the Beaufort scale is based on the empirical relationship: [6] v = 0.836 B 3/2 m/s; v = 1.625 B 3/2 knots (=) where v is the equivalent wind speed at 10 metres above the sea surface and B is Beaufort scale number.
These warnings use a 1-minute sustained wind speed and can be compared to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, however, regardless of intensity in this basin the JTWC labels all systems as tropical cyclones with TC numbers (plus any parenthesized names or placeholders, like typhoons and North Indian Ocean cyclones above). [18]
Beaufort scale – Relates wind speed to observable conditions at sea and on land Enhanced Fujita scale – For tornado intensity with damage correlated to wind speeds. The system was also intended for applicability in hurricanes, and is utilized by engineers in hurricane damage assessment.
Before the 1–5 scale was created in 1969 by the National Hurricane Center and later by the Bureau of Meteorology in Australia, many tropical cyclones were simply ranked by the Beaufort Wind Scale which was created in the early 1800s by Francis Beaufort. The purpose of the scale was to standardize wind reports in ship logs.
Historically, the Beaufort wind force scale, created by Francis Beaufort, provides an empirical description of wind speed based on observed sea conditions. Originally it was a 13-level scale (0–12), but during the 1940s, the scale was expanded to 18 levels (0–17). [ 21 ]
PAGASA, thus, amended the TCWS by adjusting the wind intensity ranges per signal level based on the Beaufort wind force scale, which empirically assigns a number from 0 to 12 to measure wind speed. As a result, the wind intensity ranges in the modified TCWS parallels that of the revised tropical cyclone intensity scale, i.e. each signal level ...
On its website, it said its general view was "that damage can occur even when the wind speed is lower than level 10 on the Beaufort scale", which starts at 48 knots, or 55mph.
Wind speed: Marine or beach hazard warning: Land warning: Tropical cyclone warning(s) Flags: Lights: Beaufort force: 25 to 38 mph (22 to 33 knots) Small craft advisory [56] Wind advisory: Wind advisory or small craft advisory: 6–7 39 to 54 mph (34 to 47 knots) Gale warning [57] High wind warning: Tropical storm warning* 8–9 55 to 73 mph (48 ...