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The nuchal lines are four curved lines on the external surface of the occipital bone: The upper, often faintly marked, is named the highest nuchal line, but is sometimes referred to as the Mempin line or linea suprema, and it attaches to the epicranial aponeurosis. Below the highest nuchal line is the superior nuchal line.
The nuchal ligament and trapezius muscle attach to it. The inion (ἰνίον, iníon, Greek for the occipital bone) is used as a landmark in the 10-20 system in electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Extending laterally from it on either side is the superior nuchal line, and above it is the faintly marked highest nuchal line.
The upper, often faintly marked, is named the highest nuchal line, and to it the epicranial aponeurosis is attached. The lower is termed the superior nuchal line. That area of the squamous part, which lies above the highest nuchal lines is named the occipital plane (planum occipitale) and is covered by the occipitalis muscle.
The highest point of this is called the inion. From the inion, along the midline of the squamous part until the foramen magnum, runs a ridge – the external occipital crest (also called the medial nuchal line) and this gives attachment to the nuchal ligament.
The external occipital crest is part of the external surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone.It is a ridge along the midline, beginning at the external occipital protuberance and descending to the foramen magnum, that gives attachment to the nuchal ligament. [1]
It originates on the lateral two-thirds of the highest nuchal line, and on the mastoid process of the temporal bone. [2] It inserts into the epicranial aponeurosis. [2] the frontal belly, near the frontal bone. [1] It originates from an intermediate tendon that connects to the occipital belly. [2]
In humans, the epicranial aponeurosis originates from the external occipital protuberance and highest nuchal lines of the occipital bone. [1] It merges with the occipitofrontalis muscle. In front, it forms a short and narrow prolongation between its union with the frontalis muscle (the frontal part of the occipitofrontalis muscle).
The nuchal ligament extends from the external occipital protuberance on the skull and median nuchal line to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra in the lower part of the neck. [1] From the anterior border of the nuchal ligament, a fibrous lamina is given off.