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  2. Atrial septal defect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_septal_defect

    Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart.Some flow is a normal condition both pre-birth and immediately post-birth via the foramen ovale; however, when this does not naturally close after birth it is referred to as a patent (open) foramen ovale (PFO).

  3. Cardiac shunt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_shunt

    The most common congenital heart defects (CHDs) which cause shunting are atrial septal defects (ASD), patent foramen ovale (PFO), ventricular septal defects (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosi (PDA). In isolation, these defects may be asymptomatic , or they may produce symptoms which can range from mild to severe, and which can either have an ...

  4. Tetralogy of Fallot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetralogy_of_Fallot

    Fallot was the first to elegantly describe the four key features that differentiate it from other cyanotic cardiac conditions, and was prominent in the disqualification of a patent foramen ovale as a fifth feature. Fallot initially referred to it as "La maladie bleue", which is French for "the blue disease" or "cyanose cardiaque", translating ...

  5. Heart murmur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_murmur

    Classic for a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or atrial septal defect (ASD). A PFO is lack of closure of the foramen ovale. At first, this produces a left-to-right heart shunt. This does not produce cyanosis, but causes pulmonary hypertension. Longstanding uncorrected atrial septal defects can also result in Eisenmenger syndrome.

  6. Foramen ovale (heart) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foramen_ovale_(heart)

    PFO has long been studied because of its role in paradoxical embolism (an embolism that travels from the venous side to the arterial side). This may lead to a stroke or transient ischemic attack. Transesophageal echocardiography is considered the most accurate investigation to demonstrate a patent foramen ovale. A patent foramen ovale may also ...

  7. Congenital heart defect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_heart_defect

    Congenital heart defect; Other names: Congenital heart anomaly, congenital heart disease: The normal structure of the heart (left) in comparison to two common locations for a ventricular septal defect (right), the most common form of congenital heart defect [1] Specialty: Cardiology: Symptoms: Rapid breathing, bluish skin, poor weight gain ...

  8. Woman who had a heart attack at 24 reveals the firsts ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/woman-24-had-heart-attack...

    On Sept. 17 doctors will repair the PFO in her heart to lessen the chance that Hutt experiences future problems. In a minimally invasive procedure, doctors will snake a catheter through a blood ...

  9. Eisenmenger syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenmenger_syndrome

    Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger's syndrome is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension [1] [2] and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.