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Many modern GPUs rely on VRAM. In contrast, a GPU that does not use VRAM, and relies instead on system RAM, is said to have a unified memory architecture, or shared graphics memory. System RAM and VRAM have been segregated due to the bandwidth requirements of GPUs, [2] [3] and to achieve lower latency, since VRAM is physically closer to the GPU ...
The original IBM CGA graphics card was built around the Motorola 6845 display controller, [2] came with 16 kilobytes of video memory built in, and featured several graphics and text modes. The highest display resolution of any mode was 640 × 200, and the highest color depth supported was 4-bit (16 colors).
Dual-ported video RAM (VRAM) is a dual-ported RAM variant of dynamic RAM (DRAM), which was once commonly used to store the Framebuffer in Graphics card, Dual-ported RAM allows the CPU to read and write data to memory as if it were a conventional DRAM chip, while adding a second port that reads out data.
The physical phenomena on which the device relies (such as spinning platters in a hard drive) will also impose limits; for instance, no spinning platter shipping in 2009 saturates SATA revision 2.0 (3 Gbit/s), so moving from this 3 Gbit/s interface to USB 3.0 at 4.8 Gbit/s for one spinning drive will result in no increase in realized transfer rate.
The Intel 8080 used by these computers was an 8-bit processor, with 16-bit address space, which allowed it access up to 64 KB of memory; .COM executables used with CP/M have a maximum size of 64 KB due to this, as do those used by DOS operating systems for 16-bit microprocessors.
RAM: 4 MB built-in (expandable to a maximum of 8 or 12 MB using an optional 4 MB or 8 MB Compaq branded module, or 20 MB using a third party 16 MB module) 256 KB video memory (512 KB exists in the system, but is not accessible by the GPU.) 84 MB, 170 MB or 250 MB 2.5" IDE hard disk drive; 1 PCMCIA slot (Type II) 1 ECP/EPP 1.9 capable parallel port
Two still images were stitched together to create one 15985 × 5792 pixel image and then rendered as 16K resolution video with an extremely wide aspect ratio of 2.76∶1. [8] This is among the first known 16K videos to exist. [9] [10] Innolux displayed the world's first 100-inch 16K (15360 × 8640) display module at Touch Taiwan in August 2018 ...
GDDR7 SDRAM employs three-level (-1, 0, +1) pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-3) instead of NRZ in GDDR6 and PAM-4 in GDDR6x. PAM-3 enables the transfer of three bits of data within two cycles, while NRZ transfer of one bits of data within one cycle. PAM-3 is 20% more energy-efficient than NRZ while running at a higher bandwidth.