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Somali Sufi religious orders (tariqa) – the Qadiriyya, the Ahmadiya and the Salihiyya – in the form of Muslim brotherhoods have played a major role in Somali Islam and the modern era history of Somalia. [23] [25] [26] Of the three orders, the less strict Qaadiriya tariqa is the oldest, and it is the sect to which most Somalis belonged. [27]
The Sultanate of Mogadishu (Somali: Saldanadda Muqdisho, Arabic: سلطنة مقديشو), also known as Kingdom of Magadazo, [1] was a medieval Muslim Somali sultanate centered in southern Somalia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It rose as one of the pre-eminent powers in the Horn of Africa under the rule of Fakhr al-Din before becoming part of the powerful and ...
Prior to the civil war, Mogadishu was known as the White pearl of the Indian Ocean. Mogadishu (Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar; Arabic: مقديشو) is the largest city in Somalia and the nation's capital. Located in the coastal Benadir region on the Indian Ocean, the city has served as an important port for centuries.
Somalia has an estimated population of 18.1 million, [18] [19] [20] of which 2.7 million live in the capital and largest city, Mogadishu. Around 85% of Somalia's residents are ethnic Somalis; the official languages of the country are Somali and Arabic, though Somali is the primary language. Somalia has historic and religious ties to the Arab ...
According to Anthropologists, the ancestors of the Somali people arrived in the region during the ensuing Neolithic period. [18] [19] The Laas Geel cave complex on the outskirts of Hargeisa in northwestern Somalia has rock art which dates back around 5,000 years and has depicting both wild animals and decorated cows. [20]
The cathedral, the biggest in Africa in the 1920s and 1930s, was later destroyed during the Somali Civil War. The Bishop of Mogadishu, Franco Filippini, declared in 1940 that there were about 40,000 Somali Catholics due to the work of missionaries in the rural regions of Juba and Shebelle, but WWII damaged them irreversibly. [12]
The federal government of Somalia had limited ability to implement its laws beyond greater Mogadishu; most other areas of Somalia were outside its control. [6] [15] [16] The provisional constitution requires the president, but not other office holders, to be Muslim. [6] There are no public places of worship for non-Muslims in the country. [6]
There was in that time in Mogadishu a heinous practice called hiku that was practiced by two groups; one was called the 'almugh and the other the shabili. Each was a powerful party being composed of people from Hamarweyn and Shangani [the two principal quarters of the town]. The members of each faction aided each other with their assets.