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The radar horizon with an antenna height of 75 feet (23 m) over the ocean is 10-mile (16 km). However, since the pressure and water vapor content of the atmosphere varies with height, the path used by the radar beam is refracted by the change in density. With a standard atmosphere, electromagnetic waves are generally bent or refracted downward.
The frequency of radio waves used by most radars, in the form of microwaves, propagate in straight lines.This generally limits the detection range of radar systems to objects on their horizon (generally referred to as "line of sight" since the aircraft must be at least theoretically visible to a person at the location and elevation of the radar transmitter) due to the curvature of the Earth.
Eglin AFB Site C-6 is a United States Space Force radar station which houses the AN/FPS-85 phased array radar, associated computer processing system(s), and radar control equipment designed and constructed for the U.S. Air Force by the Bendix Communications Division, Bendix Corporation.
A plan position indicator (PPI) is a type of radar display that represents the radar antenna in the center of the display, with the distance from it and height above ground drawn as concentric circles. As the radar antenna rotates, a radial trace on the PPI sweeps in unison with it about the center point.
The former J-31 San Pedro JSS ARSR-1 radar site, California USAF Battle Control System operators monitor the skies from the floor of the program's Eastern Air Defense Sector location. The Joint Surveillance System (JSS) is a joint United States Air Force and Federal Aviation Administration system for the atmospheric air defense of North America.
The Kasta 2E (NATO: Flat Face E, alternative name Casta 2E) is a modern Russian radar system. The development of the Kasta 2E surveillance radars was initiated in the former Soviet Union . Its primary objective is to overcome deficiencies or to satisfy the demand in low-level surveillance.
[7] [8] Its horizon range is 6000 km and vertical range is 8000 km (due to radar horizon, this range is only applicable if target is located at altitude of several kilometers [citation needed]). Russia claims the radar can detect targets the size of a "football ball" at a distance of 8000 km. [ 2 ]
The AN/FPS-5 was a nodding height-finding radar used by the United States Air Force Air Defense Command. It was unique in that it used a fixed reflector and a moving feed in order to steer the beam. It was produced in the early 1950s by Hazeltine, and deployment was limited. It was normally used with the AN/FPS-3 search radar.