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Kinyarwanda, [3] Rwandan or Rwanda, officially known as Ikinyarwanda, [4] is a Bantu language and the national language of Rwanda. [5] It is a dialect of the Rwanda-Rundi language that is also spoken in adjacent parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Uganda, where the dialect is known as ikinyakore,Rufumbira,or Urufumbira.
An anti-AIDS campaign poster in English, Rwanda.Kinyarwanda is the national language of Rwanda, [1] and the first language of almost the entire population of the country. It is one of the country's official languages alongside French, [2] English, [3] and Swahili.
They form the largest branch of the Southern Bantoid languages. The total number of Bantu languages is estimated at between 440 and 680 distinct languages, depending on the definition of "language" versus "dialect". [3] Many Bantu languages borrow words from each other, and some are mutually intelligible. [4]
However, these differences do not continually recur. One has to memorize such differences as "-anga" in Kinyarwanda in contrast to "-anka" in Kirundi (meaning to dislike or hate), because the shift from "g" to "k" is extremely rare, with proof being words like "inka" (cow), "inkono" (pot) and many other words where "nk" is common in both dialects.
Kirundi, also known as Rundi, is a Bantu language and the national language of Burundi.It is a dialect of Rwanda-Rundi dialect continuum that is also spoken in Rwanda and adjacent parts of Tanzania (in regions close to Kigoma), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, as well as in Kenya.
Democratic Republic of the Congo is a Francophone country, where, as of 2024, 55.393 million (50.69%) out of 109.276 million people speak French [2] and 74% report using French as a lingua franca. [contradictory] [3] In 2024 there were over 12 million native French speakers, or around 12% of the population. [4]
Saharan Spanish (Spanish: español saharaui) is the variety of the Spanish language spoken in Western Sahara and adjacent regions. This variety is heavily influenced by both Spanish cultural links and a strong expatriate community who live in Spain and Hispanic America , particularly Cuba .
Ñ-shaped animation showing flags of some countries and territories where Spanish is spoken. Spanish is the official language (either by law or de facto) in 20 sovereign states (including Equatorial Guinea, where it is official but not a native language), one dependent territory, and one partially recognized state, totaling around 442 million people.