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Crystals of high purity germanium are used in detectors for gamma spectroscopy and the search for dark matter. [91] Germanium crystals are also used in X-ray spectrometers for the determination of phosphorus, chlorine and sulfur. [92] Germanium is emerging as an important material for spintronics and spin-based quantum computing applications.
Organogermanium compounds are used in relatively few commercial applications. Isobutylgermane, a volatile colorless liquid, is used in MOVPE (Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy) in the deposition of Ge semiconductor films. Propagermanium, also known as Ge-132, and spirogermanium are drugs. [citation needed]
In agriculture, the use of the Global Positioning System provides benefits in geo-fencing, map-making and surveying. GPS receivers dropped in price over the years, making it more popular for civilian use. With the use of GPS, civilians can produce simple yet highly accurate digitized map without the help of a professional cartographer.
In ionizing radiation detection physics, a semiconductor detector is a device that uses a semiconductor (usually silicon or germanium) to measure the effect of incident charged particles or photons. Semiconductor detectors find broad application for radiation protection, gamma and X-ray spectrometry, and as particle detectors.
Organic germanium hydrides such as isobutylgermane ((CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 GeH 3) were found to be less hazardous and may be used as a liquid substitute for toxic germane gas in semiconductor applications. Many germanium reactive intermediates are known: germyl free radicals, germylenes (similar to carbenes), and germynes (similar to carbynes).
Chinese customs data show there have been no shipments of wrought and unwrought germanium or gallium to the U.S. this year through October, although it was the fourth and fifth-largest market for ...
Germane is the chemical compound with the formula Ge H 4, and the germanium analogue of methane. It is the simplest germanium hydride and one of the most useful compounds of germanium. Like the related compounds silane and methane, germane is tetrahedral. It burns in air to produce GeO 2 and water. Germane is a group 14 hydride.
Organotin compounds are those with tin linked to hydrocarbons. The compound on the picture is trimethyltin chloride, an example of organotin compounds.. Organotin chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organotin compounds or stannanes, which are organometallic compounds containing tin–carbon bonds.